What are the materials for the oil painting base

(1) Gum
The types of glue used to make the canvas base are: animal glue (bone glue, skin glue, etc.), vegetable resin latex, white latex and other synthetic glue.
(2) Oil
The oils used to make oily canvas base are: turpentine, linseed oil, polishing oil and other media.
(3) Supporting materials
Soft supporting materials: pure linen, semi-linen, cotton canvas, etc.
Hard supporting materials: wood, plywood, fiberboard, cardboard, metal plate, etc.
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(4) Filling material
Big white powder, also known as chalk powder, Spanish white, Paris white, white earth, etc., the main component is calcium carbonate. The white powder sold on the market is a mixture of 60% calcium carbonate and 40% magnesium carbonate. When making the base material, it can only be combined with glue, if combined with oil, it will become oil putty. Marble powder can be used instead of large white powder.
Lead white powder (lead carbonate) : ancient official powder, Hu powder. Ancient European painters used it to make a base or white paint. Because of it, modern painters have rarely used it.
Gypsum powder (calcium sulfate) : As a base, natural hydrated gypsum or plaster of Paris is used. Chalky and bright, but less flexible. It is better to make a gypsum base on a hard supporting material such as wood.
Titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide) : has a strong coverage, often mixed with large white powder.
Litho powder (zinc sulfide and barium carbonate) : It is zinc barium white. Some material experts do not advocate the use of Lide powder alone, can be mixed with large white powder.
(5) GESSO finished bottom coating
GESSO, Italian for plaster or plaster of Paris, is a finished base coating that can be applied directly to a stretched canvas. Traditional GESSO is a mixture of rabbit skin glue, large white powder and white pigment (titanium or zinc white). Modern synthetic rubber (acrylic) and filling materials of synthetic acrylic GESSO, can be used for acrylic painting, can also be used for oil painting. It is dry, non-cracking and easy to operate. The finished base coatings sold on the market are white, earth red and silver gray.
(6) Auxiliary materials
Glycerin honey: Add a little to increase the elasticity of the adhesive.
Alum: Add gram alum to one kilogram of glue liquid to prevent moisture.
Formaldehyde: Spraying both sides of the canvas with 4% formaldehyde solution can prevent corrosion, insects and moisture.
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