How to clean the picture and remove the old varnish

There are two reasons for cleaning the screen: First, dust and stains are easy to appear on the screen during the storage of the work. Second, the surface varnish of the picture is easy to darken, affecting the effect of the picture.
The general method of cleaning treatment: first sweep with a soft brush or chicken feathers, and then wipe with a clean cotton cloth or sponge with wet water. If the picture is dirty, you can drop it into the water to wash it (used to be neutral soft soap), and then wipe it again with clean water. Water has little effect on undamaged new paintings, while it has a damaging effect on cracked ones. In particular, the oil painting on rubber bottom must be cleaned with water and then wiped after the water in the cotton cloth is squeezed. When cleaning the work left by predecessors in Europe, non-water solvents such as turpentine are commonly used. Although turpentine has a dissolving power to the oil film, it can dissolve the resin varnish, and the works that are polished with resin varnish need to be re-polished after cleaning with turpentine.
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Oil paintings will inevitably become dark during preservation, which is due to the oxidation of the surface oil. So far, there is no kind of varnish that will not be oxidized, and the only way to restore the original appearance of the work is to remove the old varnish layer and re-apply the light. Common cleaning solvents are:
(1) turpentine. The effect on the old oil painting is weak, but the effect on the new color layer is strong, especially after heating with hot water, the effect is better.
(2) Refined gasoline and benzene (toluene, xylene). The solubility of resin is stronger than that of turpentine.
(3) Ethanol (water alcohol) and methanol (wood alcohol). It's a powerful solvent for resins.
(4) Acetone and chloroform. Quickly dissolves resins and oil layers. The cleaning agent sold in the art supply store is generally mixed with several solvents, and the strong solvent cannot be used alone. Modern oil painting mostly uses resin varnish, which can be cleaned with turpentine. The older generation of domestic oil painters use more oil varnish, which requires turpentine and water alcohol to be mixed. Acetone is only used as an additive when cleaning ancient works.
Wiping method: Use white absorbent cotton ball (available in medical stores) dipped in cleaning agent from the corner of the screen to do circular wiping, each part of the wiping time is not easy to be too long, so as not to damage the color layer. The cotton ball should be replaced as soon as it is stained with glossy oil. Most of the old varnish can be cleaned off the first time, and strong solvents can be added to stubborn parts during the second time. Smudges and fly stains caused by crushing damage can be removed with a knife.
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